Certificate of Analysis (COA)
A document summarizing identity, purity, lot, and testing details for a batch.
Lot number
A unique batch identifier used to connect a vial or sample to its documentation.
Purity percentage
A testing-result percentage often reported by analytical labs; it should be read with method, lot, and identity data.
HPLC
High-performance liquid chromatography, commonly used to separate and estimate purity of compounds.
LC-MS
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, used to support identity review by measuring mass-related signals.
Lyophilized powder
Freeze-dried material format commonly used for stability in research supply chains.
Chain of custody
The record trail showing where a batch came from, how it was labeled, and how documentation connects to it.
Third-party testing
Testing performed by a lab outside the seller or manufacturer.
Amino acid
Building block associated with proteins and peptides.
Peptide bond
The chemical linkage between amino acids in a peptide chain.
Analog
A modified or related molecule designed for research comparison against another compound.
Agonist
A compound studied for activating or stimulating a receptor pathway.
Antagonist
A compound studied for blocking or reducing receptor-pathway activity.
Half-life
A pharmacokinetic research term describing how quickly a compound level declines in a model system.
Pathway
A biological signaling route that researchers track through markers, receptors, or downstream effects.
Marker
A measurable signal researchers use to evaluate pathway activity.
Preclinical
Research conducted before human clinical use, often in cell or animal models.
Identity testing
Analytical work used to support that a sample matches the expected compound.
Supplier transparency
Clear product names, lot records, COAs, policies, and support information that help researchers evaluate a source.